Which vertebrate animal is known to commonly damage ornamentals by antler rubbing?

The white-tailed deer is particularly known for causing damage to ornamental plants through a behavior called antler rubbing. This occurs when male deer rub their antlers against trees and shrubs during the mating season to remove velvet from their antlers and to mark their territory. The rubbing can lead to significant damage to the bark, which can ultimately harm or kill the plant.

Other animals listed, such as the eastern cottontail, prairie vole, and eastern gray squirrel, may cause various types of damage to plants and gardens, but they do not engage in antler rubbing behavior as it is specific to the white-tailed deer. Understanding the distinctive behaviors of these animals can help in managing and protecting ornamental plants effectively.